WHO Issues New Guidelines on GLP-1 Drugs for Obesity Treatment

The World Health Organization (WHO) has released new guidelines regarding the use of GLP-1 drugs for treating obesity, highlighting a significant public health issue. According to the WHO, obesity affects over one billion people globally and is linked to approximately 3.7 million deaths each year. The latest recommendations aim to address the urgent need for effective treatments in light of projections that the number of individuals with obesity could double by 2030.

GLP-1 drugs, which mimic the effects of the natural hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, are primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes. The WHO added these medications to its Essential Medicines List in September 2025 for high-risk groups. The newly released guidelines, which became public on December 1, 2023, include two key conditional recommendations for their use in obesity treatment.

Key Recommendations for GLP-1 Usage

The first recommendation states that GLP-1 therapies may be utilized by adults for the long-term treatment of obesity, excluding pregnant women. While the effectiveness of these drugs in managing obesity is recognized, the recommendation is conditional due to limited data on their long-term efficacy, safety, costs, and potential health disparities.

The WHO emphasizes that obesity should be regarded as a chronic disease requiring comprehensive care. The second recommendation suggests integrating “intensive behavioral interventions,” including healthy diet plans, regular physical activity, and professional support for those prescribed GLP-1 medications. This multi-faceted approach aims to promote sustained health improvements for individuals struggling with obesity.

Economic Implications and Accessibility Concerns

Obesity’s economic burden is substantial, with costs projected to reach $3 trillion annually by 2030. The WHO’s guidelines seek to alleviate soaring healthcare expenses associated with obesity and its complications. The organization underscores the necessity for equitable access to GLP-1 therapies, warning that without proactive policies, existing health disparities could worsen.

Despite the rapid expansion of GLP-1 production, the WHO estimates that by 2030, these therapies may only reach less than 10% of individuals who could benefit from them. The guidelines call for global strategies to enhance access to these treatments, suggesting options such as pooled procurement and tiered pricing.

Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the WHO, addressed the significance of the new guidelines, stating, “Obesity is a major global health challenge that WHO is committed to addressing by supporting countries and people worldwide to control it, effectively and equitably.” He acknowledged that while GLP-1 therapies represent a promising treatment avenue, they are not a standalone solution to the obesity crisis.

The WHO further notes that addressing obesity requires a holistic approach, including the creation of healthier environments, early screening for at-risk individuals, and ensuring ongoing access to healthcare services.

In summary, the WHO’s updated guidelines on GLP-1 drugs for obesity treatment reflect a growing recognition of the complexities surrounding this chronic disease and the urgent need for comprehensive, equitable healthcare solutions.