UN Court Demands Israel Facilitate Humanitarian Aid to Gaza

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has ruled that Israel is obligated to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip by the United Nations and its agencies. This advisory opinion emphasizes the need for Israel to ensure that the basic needs of the Palestinian civilian population are met during an ongoing humanitarian crisis.

The ICJ stated that Israel had failed to substantiate its claims regarding the neutrality of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (Unrwa). Israel had alleged that many of Unrwa’s employees were affiliated with Hamas or other armed groups, claims that Unrwa has consistently rejected. In response to the ICJ’s opinion, Israel’s ambassador to the UN described the ruling concerning Unrwa as “shameful.”

While the ICJ’s advisory opinions are non-binding, they hold significant moral and diplomatic influence. The UN General Assembly requested this opinion in December 2023, seeking clarity on Israel’s legal obligations toward UN agencies operating in the occupied territories, including the West Bank and Gaza. This request followed the passage of laws by the Israeli parliament that banned Unrwa’s activities on Israeli territory and prohibited contact with Israeli officials.

Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza

The ICJ was also tasked with addressing Israel’s duty to allow the unhindered delivery of essential supplies to Palestinian civilians. Since the onset of conflict with Hamas two years ago, Israel has severely restricted access to Gaza, tightening its blockade and at times completely halting the entry of food and other critical aid for the region’s 2.1 million residents. Prior to the recent ceasefire agreement, UN-backed experts estimated that over 640,000 people in Gaza were facing catastrophic levels of food insecurity, with conditions in Gaza City described as an “entirely man-made” famine. Israel has disputed these claims, asserting that it has been allowing sufficient food supplies into the region.

The ICJ’s ruling comes at a crucial time when humanitarian efforts are increasingly vital. The UN’s top court is also currently examining Israel’s legal responsibilities concerning the Palestinian territories, further emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

As the international community continues to respond to this ongoing crisis, the ICJ’s opinions may shape future actions and discussions regarding humanitarian aid and the complex dynamics in the region. The court’s emphasis on Israel’s obligations forms a critical part of the broader dialogue surrounding the humanitarian needs of Palestinians during a period marked by significant challenges.