Hair Loss Linked to GLP-1 Medications: Causes and Solutions

The use of GLP-1 medications, like Ozempic, has surged in popularity for managing blood sugar and aiding weight loss. However, some users report concerning side effects, including hair loss. Carol Saffran, 71, from the greater Boston area, began taking Ozempic a year ago to regulate her blood sugar levels and has since achieved closer to her ideal body weight. Despite this success, she noticed her hair was thinning after increasing her dosage. “I would brush my hair and look at my hairbrush, and there was just a little bit more [hair] than normal,” Saffran stated.

At Tufts Medical Center, Dr. Farah Moustafa diagnosed Saffran with telogen effluvium, a condition where stress on the body triggers excessive hair shedding. Dr. Moustafa indicated that Saffran’s significant weight loss was the likely cause of her hair loss, rather than the medication itself.

The rise in GLP-1 medication prescriptions has prompted further investigation into their side effects. A recent poll conducted by KFF revealed that approximately 1 in 8 adults are using a GLP-1 drug for chronic disease management, weight loss, or both—an increase of 6% since May 2024. While common side effects such as nausea and vomiting are well-documented, hair loss has emerged as a significant concern among users discussing their experiences in online communities.

Understanding Telogen Effluvium and its Triggers

Hair growth occurs in four phases: anagen (growth), catagen (transitional), telogen (resting), and exogen (shedding). Telogen effluvium occurs when an excessive number of hair follicles prematurely enter the telogen phase, leading to increased hair loss. Dr. Anthony Rossi, a dermatologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, explained that significant weight loss—especially when rapid—can trigger this condition. “Any time people lose a significant amount of weight, typically in a short period of time, it is well-known that this can trigger telogen effluvium,” he noted.

This condition may manifest three to six months following stressful events, which can include rapid weight loss or new medication. Dr. Aron Nusbaum of the Miami Hair Institute highlighted that metabolic stress from weight loss is a primary factor when GLP-1 medications are involved. “When the body is stressed, it shifts priorities from nonessential functions like hair growth to essential life-sustaining functions,” he added.

The Role of Nutrition and Medication

Experts suggest that the suppression of appetite caused by GLP-1 medications may lead to nutritional deficiencies, further exacerbating hair loss. Dr. Brian Wojeck, an obesity medicine specialist at Yale School of Medicine, likened the phenomenon to hair shedding often seen after bariatric surgery. He noted that sudden changes in nutrition can impact hair health. While some patients consider multivitamins to counteract possible deficiencies, there is limited evidence to support their effectiveness in preventing hair loss.

Dr. Rossi pointed out that individuals on GLP-1 medications may experience a chronic state of malnourishment due to reduced caloric intake. He emphasized the importance of maintaining adequate nutrient levels, stating that each person requires approximately 1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight daily for healthy hair growth. Essential micronutrients like iron, zinc, and vitamins B and D are also crucial.

With the growing popularity of GLP-1 medications for weight management, particularly among individuals with no obesity, concerns about inadequate nutrition are becoming more pronounced. “Many people we see using [the medication] are not obese, and they’re just using it for weight maintenance or optimization,” Dr. Rossi explained.

Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of Ozempic, acknowledged hair loss as a known side effect of semaglutide. According to their data, hair loss was reported in 2.5% of adults treated with Wegovy compared to 1.0% in placebo patients, with a higher incidence among those experiencing greater weight loss.

Potential Solutions and Treatments

Experts agree that while telogen effluvium associated with GLP-1 use is typically temporary, affected individuals should seek medical evaluation to rule out other causes of hair loss. Chronic telogen effluvium can occur in some cases, where shedding persists beyond six months.

Dr. Moustafa suggested that once the stressor—such as rapid weight loss—has been addressed, patients often experience recovery. Treatment options may include medications like minoxidil, which can help stimulate hair regrowth. Saffran is considering this option while continuing her use of Ozempic.

Dr. Nusbaum emphasized that accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Evaluating lab values for vitamin deficiencies and hormonal imbalances can provide clarity on the underlying issues contributing to hair loss.

For those concerned about hair loss while on GLP-1 medications, Dr. Moustafa encourages monitoring hair shedding rates and discussing any concerns with their prescribing physician. “Be your own advocate,” she advised, highlighting the importance of proactive communication with healthcare providers.

The conversation surrounding GLP-1 medications continues to evolve as more individuals turn to these treatments for weight management and chronic disease control. Understanding the potential side effects and nutritional implications is crucial for those considering these options.